CASE STUDIES
Blackout in Spain and Portugal (2025)

On 28 April 2025, a widespread power outage affected parts of Spain and Portugal, briefly extending into southwestern France. The event was described by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) as the most severe blackout in Europe in the past twenty years and the first of its kind. According to ENTSO-E President Damian Cortinas, the disruption was caused by a “cascading overvoltage”.